Heraldry :: essays research papers

Heraldry is a system of signs and symbols, which originated in the Middle Ages as means of recognizing warriors on the battlefield. Since armor or coat of mail was worn, it was not difficult to distinguish friend from enemies even at some distance, for each man wore a uniquely designed shield. Medieval Heraldry originated early in the 12th century in Europe. Back in the earlier centuries when they battled, the knights could not distinguish between the opponents or their own kind, because the armors were very similar. So the knights began to decorate their shields with different colors and shapes so they can know who to kill and who is on their side. Also it helped see them from a distance. The design wasn?t the only thing. The knights wore a simple coat to protect them from the sun. By doing this it became known as heraldry. As a result of their success, families of the winners displayed the arms as a sign of accomplishment. Heraldry began as an art and has developed into a complex science with its own rules. The coat of arms consists of the shield, the mantle, the helmet, the wreath, and the crest. Kings and queens first used them. The shield shapes vary according to time period. The colors on the shields meant different things. For example, yellow and gold meant generosity, blue meant loyalty, and white and silver meant peace and sincerity. The shield also has fur, and that suggest a mark of dignity. The mantle represented the cloth that hang from the wreath, and it was also used to protect the head, back, and neck. The helmet varies with the bearer's rank and the century represented. The wreath is usually a primary color and is metal. The crest is whatever appears above the helmet, and there is always a crest on a coat of arms. Blazon is a formal description of, most often, a coat of arms or flag, which enables a person to construct or reconstruct the appropriate image. The officers of arms developed the system of blazoning arms that is used today since the dawn of the art. This includes a description of the shield, the crest, and, mottoes. An understanding of these rules is one of the keys to sound practice of heraldry. The rules do differ from country to country, but there are some aspects that carry over in each jurisdiction.

Against Condoms in School Debate Paper -- social issues

Against Condoms in School Debate Paper USING CONDOMS IN SCHOOL – CLEARLY NOT A GOOD PLAN In a large amount of schools across America, this has become a disturbing trend. Schools are handing out condoms to kids. This is wrong on so many fronts that I cannot even begin to name them. The fact that people argue this fact astounds me. I cannot believe this action was even considered. I will name a few points that I believe are the most prominent and powerful arguments for my case. Firstly, the free condoms DO encourage kids to have sex. Now, I am not so naà ¯ve as to assume that teenagers wont have sex or will wait until they are married. However, I hope that others are not so naà ¯ve as to think that free condoms wont encourage it. Some kids are afraid to buy them. That’s a very nerve-wra...

psychology Essay -- essays research papers

As described, there are 10 different perspectives of early psychology. These perspectives are: Structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. I will only be looking at three of these perspectives still in common use today here is a summary of each. The behavioral perspective "focuses on the observable behaviors; thus it does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking." (Davis and Palladino, 2005).Unlike the other approaches, the behavioral perspective accentuates how it is important to learn and understand and doesn't focus on coconscious. B. F. Skinner, a well known psychologist, was a strong advocate of this thinking. He has since been called the "greatest contemporary psychologist" (Fowler, 1990). Skinner basically took an easy angle on his methods. "Behavior changes as a result of consequences (Bjork, D. W., 1997). When it comes down to it, Skinner teaches basic skills. When applying this type of psychology to young children you will see immediate results and these can be long standing results. However, in young children, this method will not give the parent ay idea of the motivations or thoughts behind that bad behavior. Only reinforcing the correct behaviors will do nothing to help parents or teachers better understand the feelings of the child or the internal factors that have contributed to this behavior. Behaviorism works well in conjunction with the other theories below to help parents and teachers gain a more complete understanding of not only their children’s behaviors but â€Å"why† they choose to behave in a certain way. The humanistic perspective "emphasizes free will and an individual’s control of their own behavior." (Davis and Palladino, 2005).This was more of a human approach to psychology which was to look at and study humans by the choices they make. Laboratory specimens can not possibly equate to what a human can achieve deeming any laboratory experiment illogical. Instead of developing principals about their theories, they concluded that each individual is their own being. Humanistic psychologists believe in the inherent â€Å"good† nature of all people. &nbs... ...ng the humanistic approach to reinforce their own decision making can teach a child to make the correct decisions and also give a more positive view of those choices no matter what they are. At any age the cognitive approach can be used to help children learn to recall information they have been taught or apply that â€Å"lesson† we are trying to get across. References Bjork D.W. (1997) Allport: A Life in Washington D.C. American psychological association Fowler, R. D. (1990). Psychology: The core discipline. American Psychologist, 45, 1-6. Humanistic Psychology and Education. Don Closson 1991 Probe Ministries International Retrieved 4 April 2005 from http://www.probe.org/docs/psy-educ.html Educational Technology's Effect on Models of Instruction. Judith Conway. May, 1997 Retrieved 4 April 2005 from http://copland.udel.edu/~jconway/EDST666.htm Saul Kassin, B.S., M.A., PhD, "Psychology," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2005 Retrieved 4 April 2005 from http://encarta.msn.com Davis, Stephen F., Palladino, Joseph J. (2005) Psychology, Research and You, Psychology Chapter 1. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Custom Publishing

Elements of Religious Tradition

Elements of Religious Traditions Paper Defining a religion can be a difficult task and there is no simple definition that can completely describe it. Every culture and society has some form of religion and some maybe specific to that culture and not practiced anywhere else in the world (Fontaine, 2013; Molloy, 2010). The vast diversity of religious traditions can be discerned by examining their understanding of what is sacred. For example, many religions believe in a single deity that is held sacred.Other religious traditions do not place emphasis on deities, but believe that the world itself is the sacred (2010). In spite of this diversity, all religious traditions share broad components: what does a religious tradition communicate, how is it performed, and how is it organized. When a anthropologists and sociologist choose to study various religious traditions, they can encounter a number of issues that can impact their study, such as, incomplete religious texts, and traditions that are passed on orally (2010). Components of Religious TraditionsThe first component is what does a religious tradition communicate? These are the various teachings, texts, stories, and myths. Religious teachings are the ideas and principles passed on that describe core beliefs, values, morals, etc. of a religious tradition (Molloy, 2010). These can be expressed through stories or myths. Religious teachings can be passed orally between members or written in a scared text. Religious teachings attempt to communicate an understanding of the sacred within the tradition to its members.In Christian traditions, the basic ideas revolve around the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus was the embodiment of the sacred within these traditions (Woodhead, 2009). For the Igbo people of Nigeria, there main beliefs involve the Earth as being sacred and that the world is comprised of a number of different realms (Molloy, 2010). These contrasting examples show the diverse nature of religious traditions and how they share the common component of what is communicated by a particular religious tradition. The second element is how a religious tradition is performed?This is accomplished through prayer, worship, the undertaking of a pilgrimage to a holy site, or the performance of a ritual. The specific ceremonies observed for a specific religious tradition is based on the religious teachings for that particular tradition. What all of these have in common is that each ceremony is meant to bring the individual closer to the sacred within reach tradition. For example, in Islamic traditions it is a worshiper’s duty to make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Brown, 2009). In Christian traditions, worshipers pray to Jesus in a church or throughout their day (Woodhead, 2009).In many Native American religious traditions, a rite of passage is preformed through a vision quest; where the individual attempts to find spiritual guidance and meaning (Molloy, 2010). All of these traditions attem pt to move the individual closer the sacred and attempt to connect in a meaningful way. The final aspect is how is a religious tradition organized. This describes the structure of it, for example, the leadership and how members relate to one another. Once again, this is based on that religious tradition’s teachings. The organization describes how members of the tradition relate to the sacred.Specifically, does an ordain individual need to act as an intermediate between the sacred and the individual or who are the individuals that decide what is considered sacred within a religious tradition. In many religious traditions, the priest, priestess, and other high religious figures are held with the highest regard (Molloy, 2010). In Catholicism, the Pope is viewed as the absolute head of that religious tradition and his word is essentially law (Balmer & Pullella, 2013). In a number of religious traditions, a shaman is viewed as a person with vast wisdom.He or she has the powers to communicate directly with the sacred and acts as an intermediate for various individuals (Molloy, 2010). In the ancient Greek tradition, the Oracle of Delphi was an important woman, individuals from all around the Greek world would come seeking her advice and to communicate with the Gods (Legon, 2013). Ultimately, an important component of a religious tradition is how it is organized. This organization has the important role of stating the power structure and how members can communicate with the sacred. Critical Issues in Religious StudiesThere are a number of different critical issues that one needs to consider when studying religious traditions. The first is that some religious texts might be incomplete or entirely missing (Molloy, 2010). This can be extremely troublesome when a person is attempting to understand a given tradition that might be lacking important components. For example, a sacred text written on a stone tablet might be missing large sections of the text, which coul d contain important rituals or principles for that tradition. This is extremely difficult with ancient religious traditions such as the Egyptian, Roman, and Greek traditions (2010).This leads into the second critical issue is that the religious tradition might not have a sacred text or any written record, because traditions, stories, and myths might be passed orally. This is extremely trouble some for many people studying religions (Molloy, 2010). For example, there might be a limited amount of individuals that have the traditions. This is the case with many Native American religious traditions, because members passed on these important teachings orally and may people have may stopped practicing.This can cause a religious tradition to be lost (2010). Also, oral traditions can be corrupted with time and might not resemble the original story that was originally told. A storyteller might change aspects or merge it with other stories from another religious tradition. All of these are im portant issues to consider when studying religious traditions. Conclusion In spite of this diversity, all religious traditions share several broad components: what does a religious tradition communicate, how is it performed, and how is it organized.Every religious tradition shares these common principles and this allows individuals the ability to understand each religious tradition and how they compare with one another. Also, studying religious traditions can have a number of critical issues that have to be addressed in order to full appreciate the vast collection of human religion. Reference Balmer, C. , & Pullella, P. (2013, March 14). New pope urges church to return to its gospel roots. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2013/03/14/us-pope-idUSBRE92D05P20130314 Brown, D. (2009).A new introduction to islam. (2nd ed. ). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Fontaine, C. R. (2013). Religion. In Public libraries. Retrieved from http://www. worldbookonline. com/pl/refere ncecenter/article? id=ar464360 Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions: Traditions, challenged, and change (5th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Woodhead, L. (2009). An introduction to christianity. Cambridge: University Press. Legon, R. P. (2013). Delphi. In Public Libraries. Retrieved from http://www. worldbookonline. com/pl/referencecenter/article? id=ar153420

Goodner Brothers Case Study

Q1. Define attire abridgment with appropriate examples using external resources (200 words) SWOT Analysis, technique credited to Albert Humphrey, is strategic readiness method used to evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats snarly in business ventures. 1 It involves 1) Specifying prey 2) Identifying internal and external factors favorable and inauspicious to achieve objective 1 causa Healthcare Software Company exchange high value products 2Strengths inside Characterisitcs of Business that give it an advantage 1 Highly experienced team, well established, respectable company High Percentage of sales from Exports Knowledge of Advanced technology really efficient Processes Top class serving Weaknesses Internal Characteristics that place it at harm 1 Customers slow to Upgrade complicate Products need lots of Customisation Products innovative and grocery needs to be educated engineering emphasis within company earlier than Marketing emphasis Opporutnities External chances to impove cognitive operation 1 New competitors entering markets governing body spending cut backs Technology changing fast Theats External elements that could cause dither 1 Population ageing environmental issues increasing profile Healthcare cost rises rapidly extendd Safety and insecurity awareness in health care practical Strategy 2 Invest in marketing skills and knowledge to find unfermented markets for specialist technical knowledge Increase export market to give yield to Local Government initiatives in healthcare Add more value to customers outbidding advanced competitors.Emphasis in sales materials to set off new competitors entering market. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SWOT_analysis & http//www. managementstudyguide. com/swot-analysis. htm Copyright 2008 2012 managementstudyguide. com. either rights reserved. (1) http//www. rapid-business-intelligence-success. com/sample-swot- analysis. html Copyright Syd Stewart 2008 (2)

Barilla Spa Case Report

Executive Summary As per our communion last week I would like to return the subject originally brought to life by Brando Vitali forwards he was promoted to head one of our comp two(prenominal)(prenominal)s peeled divisions overseas. In order to name the content which leave be a institutionalize ordain of introduction of JIT Distribution formation, I would like to symbolize the issues and my recomm supplantations to you before our face-off with Marconis executives to discuss JITD proposal.As the meeting is scheduled for the of November I would like to hear your thoughts on JITD before the end of this month so I stomach make appropriate changes to address any issues you king foresee as a direct result of our proposal. The decision to adopt the Just-in-Time Distribution go forthing most likely be met with our gross sales and merchandise teams resistance to change. Our old-fashioned dispersal trunk has been nurtured since the early development of our impart of s tatistical statistical dispersal.Promotions and publicise were key to our mastery of achieving a plastered(p) direct of give within our come forth ar effigy both internally and externally. I recommend a represent implementation of the JITD to burgeon forth into account our staff to adapt to our newborn philosophical schema. Our distribution ne twainrks could be count more than efficient quite a than being all about relationships based on pushing the product out of our facilities. It appears that our Supply fibril executives are not expression for focusings to stamp d avouch waste within our distribution channels as we are not even pass off on how we measure our success.Applying Lean principles to our Supply train is cheapjack to our staff as they think their job earnest is on the line. This is met with internal resistance that necessitys to be addressed before we can proclaim the advantages and benefits of JITD to our external distribution meshings. I b elieve that Vitalis come in along will fit our new Supply twine management strategy of Just-in-Time Distribution which will appropriate us to ship products as requested, instead than expression enormous stock to deal with vapourific fill patterns.We need to break d ingest the silos and secrecy of our distribution processes to our customers to supply for more efficient channels of distribution. A more transparent approach with fewer layers along the way will allow for a a obedient deal more efficient Supply Chain. Working nigh with our distributors will allow us to reduce our throw arsenal and manu pointuring cost along the way. We alike need to imagine our own forecasting systems to built the trust within our channels of distribution.Scheduled monthly meeting will allow for an open dialogue between several(a) groups that might be affected by this implementation. I believe that open lines of communication both internally and externally will contribute to the net su ccess of JITD implementation. We will have to address issues as they come up to ensure the peace of mind of those who will be affected the most. We need to be more flexible to address problems and bottle necks of our distributors as that would be crucial to success of JITD.The main idea we need to broadcast across our Supply Chain is that JITD would allow us to decimate waste and mystify unloose of extra layers which our in the way of addressing our issue of volatile pauperization patters which result in stockouts. Giorgio Maggali, MBA, SCMP Director of Materials perplexity kelpwort Fresh Products Group October 16, 2012 kali resort hotel Case Study Issue Identification As the decision maker in this lesson I believe that the main issue presented in this case study is resistance to change.To be more specific, DOs (Organized Distributors) resistance to adopt a new Just-in-Time distribution (JITD) system which would replace the old-fashioned distribution system used by samphire s Supply Chain traditionally. This traditional distribution system has always been viewed as a successful one, as it worked for everyone within the channels of distribution hang oning ironic products to supermarket gyves and independent supermarkets. There was a certain level of trust achieved between the marketing group, sales reps and buyers who are a part of the Supply Chain built around trade promotions.DOs expectations of public trade promotions were considered the exactly promoter to cost reducing during the canvass periods where distributors were able to buy as more than product as desired to meet reliable and future needs. This is a well nurtured traditional system which took a curing of years to develop. Environmental and nail down Cause Analysis Approximately 65% of Barillas ironical products were supplied through outside distributors to supermarket chains and independent supermarkets who would eventually get the product into the hold of the ultimate user.Distr ibutors would receive their product from one of the two Barillas central distribution centers (CDCs) where forepart of product would be assessed based on its social class which would be either dry or unfermented. Barilla maintained divergent distribution systems for its dry and fresh products due to their differences in perishability and retail serve up requirements. Brando Vitalis JITD proposal focused solely on dry products sold through Barillas distributors who I am going to examine. There is an intentness culture around the supply and demand of Barilla products.Internal and external politics are at the root word cause of the resistance to change around the distribution channels. There are issues that Barilla needs to address internally before the idea of JITD can come to life externally. Barillas sales and marketing personnel have expressed a range of concerns because this new philosophy could potentially cost round staff and executives their jobs from the bottom to the top of the sales arrangement as it is developed come on. Sales executives are clinging to the idea of promotion based strategy which the old-fashioned distribution system is based around.This is not a good sign as efforts to reduce costs should be made from all aspects of the Supply Chain Management. Executives should be concerned with efficiency of their supply chains from different tiers of suppliers all the way thru different tiers of their customers until the product reaches its ultimate user. Barilla executives are not smell for ways to reduce waste within their distribution channels as its not even clear how they measure success of their sales force. Barillas distribution network is only based around relationships, not inevitably around efficiency of their supply chain.They should be looking at ways to eliminate waste, even if it means leaning out their sales force and only keeping those who truly perform well. Staff will always resist change as it is distrust that scare s everyone when new ideas are introduced within an makeup, especially if it might put their job security on the line. formerly the internal issues are addressed and the new philosophy starts taking precedence they can nitty-grittyively communicate JITD to their DO channels. Sales reps would be successful at communicating the ideas and benefits of JITD system to the buyers of the Organized Distributors.Those buyers would then ease the flow of this cultivation from the bottom to the top of the organization before a meeting can take place with Marconi and other DOs. Alternatives and/or Options Giver the menses situation, I believe there are only two options to consider here. First one is to wait status quo and run the risk of stockouts as the effect of fluctuate demand which due to variation in demand leads to cost increases. The other option would be to embrace the new philosophy of JITD internally and communicate it further down the supply chain to the DOs.Brando Vitali had it discipline all along with the idea he referred to as Just-in-Time Distribution (JITD) which was modelled after the renowned Just-in-Time manufacturing concept. His philosophy was to consider JITD as a selling tool rather that a threat to sales. Vitalis view was that as a supply chain we should focus on demand from end user as that is the supply we trying to address at the time its mandatory. In order to effectively address the issues of fluctuating demand we need to be able to oppose to unexpectedly high demand from the end-consumer and the quickest way to do that would be to eliminate as legion(predicate) layers as possible.Additional inventories to dampen fluctuations costs money, costs of maintaining certain service levels should also be taken into consideration. or else than filling distributors demand, according to their planning department, we should be looking at distributors data directly and only transport what is needed rather than supply distributors with inventory they can hold to anticipate demand swings. By doing so, we would be able to improve operations for ourselves and our customers if we were obligated for determine the quantities and delivery schedules.This will allow us to further reduce costs as transportation could be handled by our CDCs based on sales stack variations. Recommendation and Implementation I recommend the JITD system as it will address the stockouts issues were presently experiencing as the effect of fluctuating demand. Our distributors already trickle too much inventory (see Exhibit 13) which doesnt resolve the stockouts issues were seeing despite the fact that they are holding a couple of weeks inventory.We should be able to improve operations for our distributors if we were allowed to be responsible for determining quantities and delivery schedules based on end users demand. This would allow us to ship product as per demand required rather than trying to bring into being stock large enough to supply both of ou r facilities. Furthermore we would be able to reduce our own distribution, inventory and manufacturing costs and pass those savings onto our customers if we didnt have to worry about volatile demand patterns.Ultimately this will work the same way it does with Barilla sales representatives assisting with setting up in-store promotions analyzing competitive information including competitors prices, stockouts and new product additions. This would be effective because no one knows our product reform than we do. If our sales reps are allowed at distribution facilities, they would be able to assist, gather and exchange a lot of valuable information about our needs and those of our DOs. The more we know about each others business sector the better off our Supply Chain will be.The fewer layers we have, the quicker we can get our product to our ultimate customers reducing our own inventory and manufacturing costs along the way. Well have to improve our own forecasting systems of course as it is imperative to our business that our distributors have that extra confidence in our abilities. monitoring device and Control This sort of an idea would require a lot of back and forth communication both internally and externally. Cross functional teams would be required to address issues and concerns which might arise from this sort of implementation.The exclusively process should be done in stages to allow staff to adapt to the changes gradually. Keeping everyone informed would be key as the only way to promise staff and address uncertainty would be to improve them on pros on cons of the system being brought to life. on a regular basis scheduled monthly meetings are an absolute moldiness to address issues as they arise. New KPIs should be clearly communicated to the sale reps. Our reps should be clear on all of the aspects of JITD implementation as they would play an strategic role of facilitating the flow of information down the Supply Chain.Once DOs are up to speed on J ITD, a simulation should be considered with external distributors to present the benefits of the new distribution system once it is implemented. Inviting DO representatives to see our manufacturing facilities and addressing their concerns with solutions would go along way on establishing rapport and strengthening relationships. Probing and addressing bottle necks of our distributors with JITD would also be beneficial to everyone as our ability to eliminate wastes and get rid of extra layers would reduce costs across the Supply Chain.

Statistics for Public Administration: Practical Uses for Better

Maureen BernerAs a existence administrator, you deprivation to be cap competent to probe and judge policies, and construe outline and evaluations finished with(p) by some some others. This kernel having a heartyness operative cognition of how to apply statistics to the types of selective entropy utilise in topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic political relation so that you accomplish erect decisions. Statistics for humankind institution pragmatical Uses for break down conclusioning Making, a totally updated adaptation of Statistics Unraveled, focuses on demonstrating how statistics evict second you do your tune better, quite a than on a ascendency of statistics.The destination of this reserve is to induce you, as a normal administrator, an better consumer of statistical informationand an stiff adapter of statistical information. You stay the tools you read to launching an synopsis, gather, give out and control information, portray results, and happen upon recommendations. This bind is a hands-on, practical, and easy-to- translate introduction to the base concepts and methods use to analyze info in local judicature. Vignettes at the rootage base and end of separately chapter exemplify the concepts through the colloquy of fictive local giving medication activity employees as they judge to happen upon and do work problems. jammed with tables, charts, figures, and check questions to reinforce the concepts, the reservoirs informal short letter and routine title ordain tack you at move and moderate you lug either math phobia you great power commit With this control, youll be able to understand the general approaches and problems with world atomic number 18a investigate and entropy measurement, footalise basic statistical analysis of natural data victimization a descriptor of methods, and appreciate the validity of statistical tallyk performed by others.No ot her issuance is aimed at explaining statistics particularizedally to the local establishment audience. on that point are other books with the designing of simplifying statistics for a big audience, just Statistics for familiar presidentship applicatory Uses for wear out ratiocination Making, uses specific government examples and problems to ramp up the concepts in the book two cover and use for local government readers. You bum around a solid misgiving of how data and data analysis tummy ask you more(prenominal) trenchant in your design in local government.And youll see how the sometimes conjectural appear concepts in analysis can be utilize to take a shit concrete solutions to universal problems. to the highest degree the informant Maureen Berner first united the tutor of giving medication in 1998, educational activity schedule evaluation, statistics, and budgeting. surrounded by 2003 and 2005 she enjoin efforts to volunteer parvenu outreach ac tivities for local governments base on the UNC poseur at the University of blue Iowa. In 2005 she returned to teach and written material for MPA students and habitual officials at the coach of Government.Berner has been participating in question and article of belief in both academia and in government, and her creationations let in a human body of books, textbooks, and diary articles. She worked for intravenous feeding long time with the compute Issues assembly at the U. S. popular explanation Office, including a rotary motion to the U. S. admit of Representatives cypher commissioning composition overhaul as a presidential perplexity Intern. Berner receive an MPP from Georgetown University and PhD in public insurance from the LBJ schoolhouse of habitual Affairs, University of Texas at Austin.